Systems and methods for pharmacy messaging

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for pharmacy messaging are described. A system includes a laser module and a control module. The laser module includes a marking chamber with a plurality of laser heads therein. A first and second entry gate are adjacent the marking chamber. The first entry gate is configured to open when the second entry gate is closed. A first and second exit gate are adjacent the marking chamber at a side different from the first entry and second entry gate. The first exit gate is configured to open when the second exit gate is closed. A transporter moves the objects being marked into and out of the marking chamber through the various gates. The control module is communicatively coupled to the laser module and adapted to control the laser module. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 61/607,717, filed on 7 Mar. 2012, entitled “Systemsand Methods for Pharmacy Messaging,” the entire disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The field relates to marking systems, and more particularly to a systemfor marking caps of members with messages.

BACKGROUND

Prescription medications, if taken as prescribed, may have a positiveimpact to a person's health. Nevertheless, patients of a pharmacy oftendo not take their prescription drugs properly. Indeed, consistentlytaking medications on schedule may prove difficult to the patient.Whether it is from forgetfulness, inconvenience, or discomfort, dosesare often missed. In addition, patients often do not timely renew orrefill their prescription, or may even quit taking the prescribedmedication altogether. Some patients may intend to continue taking theprescribed medication but wait too long to reorder additionalprescription drugs. In other words, patients may miss doses because theyare waiting for the renewal or refill of a prescription to be filled.Additionally, for a renewal, the pharmacy generally requires a newwritten prescription from the patient's doctor approving thecontinuation of therapy. In this case, it is likely that the doctorwould request an office visit before writing the prescription.Scheduling conflicts and overall delays due to the required visit canresult in prolonged nonadherence to the drug regimen. The patient'shealth and well-being may be adversely affected.

In addition to varying degrees of nonadherence to a drug regimen,patients may not be aware of certain opportunities. The opportunity maybe as simple as a lower cost, alternative, chemically-equivalent drug isavailable, or the patient may have become eligible for a promotionalsavings. In yet another example, a new convenience feature may have beenadded to the patients' pharmacy benefit plan but requires action to reapthe benefits.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system according to an exampleembodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example benefit manager device that maybe deployed within the system of FIG. 1, according to an exampleembodiment;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example pharmacy messaging device thatmay be deployed within the system of FIG. 1, according to an exampleembodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example pharmacy fulfillment device thatmay be deployed within the system of FIG. 1, according to an exampleembodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example messaging subsystem that may bedeployed within the benefit manager device of FIG. 2 or the pharmacymessaging device 108 of FIG. 3, according to an example embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example marking subsystem that may bedeployed within the pharmacy messaging device of FIG. 3 or the pharmacyfulfillment device of FIG. 4, according to an example embodiment;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are block diagrams of example laser modules that may bedeployed in the marking subsystem of FIG. 6, according to exampleembodiments;

FIG. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of a laser module of FIG. 8,according to an example embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a partial top view of the laser module of FIG. 8, accordingto an example embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a partial top view of the laser module having three laserheads, according to an example embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a partial top view of the laser module having four laserheads, according to an example embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a partial top view of the laser module having five laserheads, according to an example embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a partial top view of the laser module having six laserheads, according to an example embodiment;

FIGS. 15 and 16 are block diagrams of example displays, according toexample embodiments;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a flowchart illustrating a method forprescription messaging, according to an example embodiment; and

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a machine in the example form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions for causing themachine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed hereinmay be executed or stored.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example systems and methods for pharmacy messaging are described. In thefollowing description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofexample embodiments. It will be evident, however, to one of ordinaryskill in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practicedwithout these specific details.

In general, a client engages a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) to offer adrug benefit program. Examples of clients include governmentalorganizations (e.g., Federal government agencies, the Department ofDefense, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and stategovernment agencies), middle market companies, large national employers,health insurance companies that have carved out the drug benefit, andthe like. A person who is a participant or member of a drug benefitprogram offered by the client may obtain prescription drugs according topricing, pharmacy selection, rebates, discounts and the like provided bythe terms of the drug benefit program.

The client's offered drug benefit program may be a stand-alone drugbenefit operated by the PBM, or as part of a health care benefitoperated by a health insurance company where the PBM services areoffered directly by the health insurance company or offered indirectlyby the PBM on behalf of the health insurance company.

Some of the operations of the PBM may include the following. A member ora person acting on behalf of the member attempts to obtain aprescription drug at a retail pharmacy location of a pharmacy where themember can obtain drugs in a physical store from a pharmacist orpharmacist technician. The pharmacy can be associated with a singleretail pharmacy location, or can be a pharmacy chain that includesmultiple retail pharmacy locations. The pharmacy then submits a claim tothe PBM for the prescription drug. The PBM performs certain adjudicationoperations including verifying the eligibility of the member, reviewingthe formulary to determine appropriate co-pay, coinsurance, anddeductible for the prescription drug, and performing a drug utilizationreview (DUR) on the member. The PBM then provides a response to thepharmacy following performance of the aforementioned operations. Theaforementioned adjudication operations generally occur before the co-payis received and the prescription drug dispensed. However, the operationsmay occur simultaneously, substantially simultaneously, or in adifferent order. In addition, more or less adjudication functions may beperformed as part of the adjudication process.

As part of the adjudication, the client (or typically the PBM on behalfof the client) ultimately reimburses the pharmacy for filling theprescription drug when the prescription drug was successfullyadjudicated. The amount of reimbursement paid to the pharmacy by theclient and/or PBM may be based at least in part on the type of pharmacynetwork in which the pharmacy is included. Other factors may be used todetermine the reimbursement amount in addition to the type of pharmacynetwork. In an embodiment in which the PBM reimburses the pharmacy onbehalf of the client, the PBM may subsequently bill the client for theamount of the reimbursement, and typically also for the services of thePBM in adjudicating the claim and otherwise managing the drug benefitprogram. The amount that the client is billed by the PBM may be based atleast in part on the reimbursement paid to the pharmacy, the type ofpharmacy network in which the pharmacy is included. Other factors may beused to determine the billed amount.

The PBM may offer mail order drugs as part of its services, or a thirdparty may offer mail order drugs to members of the PBM. The PBM mayadjudicate the pharmacy claim for the mail order prescription drugs inthe same or a similar manner to the process described above.

As part of the services that the PBM offers to the client, the servicesoffered through a mail order pharmacy and/or retail pharmacy, orotherwise to the member, the PBM may seek to reduce the cost to theclient for the prescription drugs taken by its members and/or to improvethe adherence of the members of a prescription drug regimen. The PBM,the mail order pharmacy, and/or the retail pharmacy may mark caps ofprescription drugs with messaging including text, images, or the like toremind the member to take a prescription drug, timely refill theprescription drug, or otherwise take one, or more than one, actions.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system 100, according to anexample embodiment. The system 100 is an example embodiment in whichpharmacy messaging may be performed. The system 100 includes a patientdevice 102 in communication with a benefit manager device 106 over anetwork 104. The system may also include a pharmacy messaging device 108and a pharmacy fulfillment device 110.

The patient device 102 is used by a device operator. The device operatormay be a member of a drug benefit program. However, the device operatormay be another person operating the patient device 102 on behalf of themember. Examples of such people include parents, guardians andcaregivers. Accordingly, while some illustrative embodiments may bedescribed herein in which the device operator may be the member, thedevice operator may be an individual other than the member. In someembodiments, the device operator may be a patient of a pharmacy who isnot a member of PBM. While the member is generally described herein asbeing the device operator, generally any of the aforementioned personsmay be substituted for the member.

In some embodiments, the member may utilize the patient device 102 tocommunicate with the benefit manager (e.g., through the benefit managerdevice 106) or a pharmacy (e.g., through the pharmacy messaging device108 and/or the pharmacy fulfillment device 110). Examples of the patientdevice 102 include a set-top box (STB), a receiver card, a mobiletelephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a display device, aportable gaming unit, a smart prescription drug cap or capper, and acomputing system; however other devices may also be used. For example,the patient device 102 may include a mobile electronic device, such anIPHONE or IPAD device by Apple, Inc., mobile electronic devices poweredby ANDROID by Google, Inc., and a BLACKBERRY device by Research InMotion Limited. The patient device 102 may also include other computingdevices, such as desktop computing devices, notebook computing devices,netbook computing devices, gaming devices, and the like. Other types ofelectronic devices may also be used.

In some embodiments, the member may use, in addition to or instead ofthe patient device 102, a telephone, a fax machine, or postal mail tocommunicate with various devices in the network 104 and/or organizationsassociated with these devices.

The network 104 by which the patient device 102 communicates with thebenefit manager device 106, the pharmacy messaging device 108, and/orthe pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may include, by way of example,Mobile Communications (GSM) network, a code division multiple access(CDMA) network, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an InternetProtocol (IP) network, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) network, aWiFi network, or an IEEE 802.11 standards network, as well as variouscombinations thereof. Network 104 may also include opticalcommunications. Other conventional and/or later developed wired andwireless networks may also be used. In some embodiments, the network 104may include a prescribing network such as the electronic prescribingnetwork operated by Surescripts of Arlington, Va.

The benefit manager device 106 is a device operated by an entity atleast partially responsible for the management of a drug benefitprogram. While the entity operating the benefit manager device 106 istypically a PBM, other entities may operate the benefit manager device106 either on behalf of themselves, the PBM, or another entity. In someembodiments, the benefit manager that provides the drug benefit may alsoprovide one or more than one additional benefits including a healthbenefit, a dental benefit, a vision benefit, a wellness benefit, aradiology benefit, a pet care benefit, an insurance benefit, a long termcare benefit, a nursing home benefit, and the like.

Some of the operations of the PBM that operates the benefit managerdevice 106 may include the following. A member (or a person on behalf ofthe member) attempts to obtain a prescription drug at a retail pharmacylocation where the member can obtain drugs in a physical store from apharmacist or pharmacist technician, or in some instances through mailorder drug delivery from a mail order pharmacy location.

The member may have a co-pay for the prescription drug that reflects anamount of money that the member is responsible to pay the pharmacy forthe prescription drug. The money paid by the member to the pharmacy maycome from the personal funds of the member, a health savings account(HSA) of the member or the member's family, a health reimbursementarrangement (HRA) of the member or the member's family, a flexiblespending accounts (FSA) of the member or the member's family, or thelike. An employer of the member may directly or indirectly fund orreimburse the member or an account of the member for the co-pay.

The amount of the co-pay paid by the member may vary by the benefit planof the client with the PBM. The member's co-pay may be based on be aflat co-pay (e.g., $10), co-insurance (e.g., 10%), and/or a deductible(e.g., for first $500 of annual prescription drug spend) for certainprescription drugs, certain types of prescription drugs, and/or allprescription drugs.

In certain instances, the member may not pay the co-pay or may only payfor a portion of a co-pay for a prescription drug. For example, if theusual and customary cost for a generic version of a prescription drug is$4, and the member's flat co-pay is $20 for the prescription drug, themember may only pay $4 to receive the prescription drug. In anotherexample involving a worker's compensation claim, no co-pay may be due bythe member for the prescription drug.

In conjunction with receiving the co-pay (if any) from the member anddispensing the prescription drug to the member, the pharmacy submits aclaim to the PBM for the prescription drug. The PBM may perform certainadjudication operations including verifying the eligibility of themember, reviewing the formulary to determine appropriate co-pay,coinsurance, and deductible for the prescription drug, and performing aDUR on the member. The PBM then provides a response to the pharmacyfollowing performance of the aforementioned operations. As part of theadjudication, the client (or the PBM on behalf of the client) ultimatelyreimburses the pharmacy for filling the prescription drug when theprescription drug was successfully adjudicated. The aforementionedadjudication operations generally occur before the co-pay is receivedand the prescription drug dispensed. However, the operations may occursimultaneously, substantially simultaneously, or in a different order.In addition, more or less adjudication operations may be performed aspart of the adjudication process.

The PBM, a pharmacy, or another entity may offer member (or patient)messaging. The messaging may be offered as a service by the offeringentity, may be requested by the member, or may otherwise be provided.The pharmacy messaging device 108 may be in communication with the one,or more than one, of the other devices 102, 106, 110 of the system 100to enable messaging.

In some embodiments, the pharmacy messaging device 108 selects fromavailable messages to generate messages for the member. The pharmacymessaging device 108 may, in some embodiments, evaluate predictedmessages from a predictive model with a member's selected preferences.If the member's selected preferences contradict the predicted message,the pharmacy messaging device 108 may determine whether to generate themessage for sending to the member based on priority, rules based, oradaptive systems.

The pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may include hardware and/or softwareof a mail order pharmacy and/or or a retail pharmacy to enable thepharmacy to fulfill prescription drug orders. The pharmacy fulfillmentdevice 110 may be operated in an automated manner, as directed by anoperator (e.g., a pharmacist or pharmacist technician), or otherwise.Examples of pharmacy operations that may be performed by pharmacyfulfillment device 110 include filling a prescription after removingpharmaceuticals from inventory, labeling a container with prescriptioninformation, filling a container with the pharmaceutical, verifying thetype and quantity of the pharmaceutical in the container with that whichis printed on the label, and the like. Unit of use products(pre-packaged items) may be used in which case the pharmacy operationswould not include filling a container.

In some embodiments, the pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may be a deviceassociated with a retail pharmacy location (e.g., an exclusive pharmacylocation, a grocery store with a retail pharmacy, or a general salesstore with a retail pharmacy) or other type of pharmacy location atwhich a member attempts to obtain a prescription. In some embodiments,the pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may be utilized by the pharmacy tosubmit the claim to the PBM for adjudication. Additionally, in someembodiments, the pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may enable informationexchange between the pharmacy and the PBM, for example, to allow thesharing of member information such as drug history, and the like, thatmay allow the pharmacy to better service a member (e.g., by providingmore informed therapy consultation and drug interaction information,etc.).

The pharmacy fulfillment device 110, in some embodiments, enablesfilling operations in a mail order pharmacy or a retail pharmacy. Thepharmacy fulfillment device 110 provides capping of prescriptioncontainers with various colored caps or rings. The caps and rings may bepainted a desired color or may be pulled from inventory. The pharmacyfulfillment device 110 may include machines to coordinate painting ordelivery from inventory.

The pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may have the capability to applymessages to various surfaces. The pharmacy fulfillment device 110 mayhave printing capability to print messages on labels or on paper inserts(e.g., a note in the bottle), the cap, or any article included in orwith the prescription packaging. The pharmacy fulfillment device 110 mayalso utilize lasers for applying an image, adherence score, adherencegrade, or a text message to the cap of a prescription container. The capmay be treated with a suitable material to enable the laser marking.

The benefit manager device 106 and/or the pharmacy messaging device 108may be in communication directly (e.g., through local storage) and/orthrough the network 104 (e.g., in a cloud configuration orsoftware-as-a-service) with a device that stores a database 112. Thedatabase 112 may be deployed on the benefit manager device 106, thepharmacy messaging device 108, both the patient device 102 and thepharmacy messaging device 108, partially on the benefit manager device106 and partially on the pharmacy messaging device 108, on a separatedevice, or may otherwise be deployed. The database 112 may store memberdata 114, client data 116, claims data 118, clinical data 120, adherencedata 122, and/or sampling data 124.

The member data 114 includes information regarding the membersassociated with the benefit manager. Examples of the member data 114include name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, prescriptiondrug history, and the like. The member data 114 may include a memberidentifier that identifies the member as a client of the pharmacy and/oridentifies the member as a member of a PBM. The member data 114 mayinclude data collected by the patient device 102. The member data 116may also include member preferences.

The client data 116 includes information regarding the clients of thebenefit manager. Examples of the client data 116 include company name,company address, contact name, contact telephone number, contact e-mailaddress, and the like. The client data 116 may also include clientpreferences on a client level and/or on a member level.

The claims data 118 may include medical, dental, vision, and/orprescription drug claims made by or on behalf of the member. In someembodiments, the claims data 118 may include prescription drug claimsthat have been adjudicated for each member of a drug benefit program(e.g., prescribed drugs, prescription history, pharmacy usage, co-payinformation, and the like).

The claims data 118 generally includes information regardingprescription drug claims or pharmacy claims adjudicated by the PBM undera drug benefit program provided by the PBM for one, or more than one,clients. In general, the claims data 118 includes an identification ofthe client that sponsors the drug benefit program under which the claimis made, and/or the member that purchased the prescription drug givingrise to the claim, the prescription drug that was filled by thepharmacy, and the price of the prescription drug provided under the drugbenefit program. Additional information may be included in the variousclaims of the claims data 118.

The clinical data 120 may include clinical records regarding memberdiagnosis and/or therapy. The clinical records may be obtained fromhospitals, medical insurance companies, drug trials, medicallaboratories and/or the member via online questionnaires, for example.

The adherence data 122 may include medical, dental, vision, and/orprescription insurance claims made by the member. The adherence data 122may be gathered from member questionnaires or adherence monitoringdevices such as a smart cap or capper. The adherence data 122 mayinclude data gathered through past frequency of prescription drug ordersand calculated remaining supply, if any, of the prescription drugordered each time.

The sampling data 124 may include demographic data of the member. Thesampling data 124 includes statistical characteristics of members incertain groups. The members may be grouped by type of drug taken, levelof adherence, or insurance carrier, for example. Statisticalcharacteristics may include employment status, marital status, location,gender, age, disabilities, and mobility. The sampling data 124 may beobtained from government agencies, hospitals, medical insurancecompanies, drug trials, medical laboratories, and/or the member viaonline questionnaires, for example. The sampling data 124 may alsoinclude information from pilot programs conducted by the pharmacy or athird party. The sampling data 124 may also be used to establish pilotprograms by identifying sub-sets of members for test messages.

While the system 100 in FIG. 1 is shown to include single devices 102,106, 108, 110 multiple devices may be used. The devices 102, 106, 108,110 may be the same type of device or may be different device types.When multiple devices are present, the multiple devices may be of thesame device type or may be a different device type. Moreover, system 100shows a single network 104, however, multiple networks can be used. Themultiple networks may communicate in series with each other to link thedevices 102, 106, 108, 110 or in parallel to link the devices 102, 106,108, 110.

FIG. 2 illustrates the benefit manager device 106, according to anexample embodiment. The benefit manager device 106 may include amessaging subsystem 202. The messaging subsystem 202 may enablegeneration of a message to a member. The benefit manager device 106 maybe deployed in the system 100, or may otherwise be used.

FIG. 3 illustrates the pharmacy messaging device 108, according to anexample embodiment. The pharmacy messaging device 108 may include themessaging subsystem 202 and/or the marking subsystem 302. The messagingsubsystem 202 may enable generation of a message to a member. Themarking subsystem 302 may enable marking of a prescription (e.g., a capof the prescription) based on generation of the message to the member.The pharmacy messaging device 108 may be deployed in the system 100, ormay otherwise be used.

FIG. 4 illustrates the pharmacy fulfillment device 110, according to anexample embodiment. The pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may include themarking subsystem 302. The marking subsystem 302 may enable marking of aprescription based on generation of the message to the member. Thepharmacy fulfillment device 110 may be deployed in the system 100, ormay otherwise be used.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example messaging subsystem 202 that may bedeployed in the benefit manager device 106, the pharmacy messagingdevice 108, or otherwise deployed in another system. One or more modulesare communicatively coupled and included in the messaging subsystem 202to generate of a message to a member. The modules of the messagingsubsystem 202 that may be included are a data access module 502, apredictive model module 504, an adherence module 506, a preferencesmodule 508, a messaging module 510, and a marking module 512. Othermodules may also be included.

In some embodiments, the modules of the messaging subsystem 202 may bedistributed so that some of the modules are deployed in the benefitmanager device 106 and some modules are deployed in the pharmacymessaging device 108. In one embodiment, the modules are deployed inmemory and executed by a processor coupled to the memory. Thefunctionality contained within the modules 502-512 may be combined intoa lesser number of modules, further divided among a greater number ofmodules, or redistributed among existing modules. Other configurationsincluding the functionality of the modules 502-512 may be used.

In some embodiments, the data access module 502 receives uploaded imagesfrom a member for inclusion in messages in future filled prescriptions.Images may be motivational or to stimulate memory. For example, an imageof a member's loved ones may be uploaded to provide motivation foradherence to a prescription drug therapy regimen. Other images mayremind a member to refill or renew a prescription. Still, yet otherimages may be for simple aesthetics to enliven an otherwise dullprescription container. Aesthetic images may include symbols or logos,such as those of sports teams and universities. Images may be requestedby the client instead of or in addition to the member. That is, theclient may provide company logos, custom identification parametersand/or custom reminders, such as “Take your meds”, “Stay healthy”, orthe like. Images may be stored in the database 112 as at least part ofthe member data 114 and/or the client data 116. In addition, the dataaccess module 502 may receive and utilize scrolling images, text, video,3D projections, or text images.

In some embodiments, the data access module 502 administers one, or morethan one, question regarding demographics to the member (e.g., via thepatient device 102). Answers may be recorded in the database 112 as atleast part of the sampling data 124. The data access module 502 mayprovides resources to members to educate them on topics, such as genericpharmaceuticals, special programs (e.g. automatic refills), diseases andhealth tips. The topics may be customized based on other available data.

The predictive model module 504 may utilize the member data 114, theclient data 116, the claims data 118, the clinical data 120, theadherence data 122, and/or the sampling data 124 accessed by the dataaccess module 502 to create and/or use a predictive model that predictsa meaningful message to transmit to the member based on a set of rulesand/or a logic process. In some embodiments, the message predicted bythe predictive model module 504 is to encourage or remind the member torefill or renew a prescription. The predictive model module 504 mayselect from a list of messages or may select portions of differentmessages and combine them together into a single message. The predictivemodel module 504 may also predict that more than one message willencourage or remind the member to refill or renew a prescription. Inaddition to or instead of the predictive model, the predictive modelmodule 504 may utilize rules based prediction systems, adaptive systemssuch as Monte Carlo, fuzzy logic, and neural networks, or the like.

The predictive model module 504 utilizes one, or more than one, modelsand/or classifiers for use in predicting a meaningful message forproviding to the member. That is, the predictive model module 504 maypredict a probability of a member complying with his/her prescriptiondrug therapy regimen by refilling or renewing the prescription beforethe scheduled last dose as a result of a message. The predictive modelmodule 504 may determine the message for sending to the member that islikely to encourage prescription drug therapy adherence. The predictivemodel module 504 may include models and/or classifiers such as groupmethod of data handling, naive bayes, k-nearest neighbor algorithm,majority classifier, support vector machine, logistic regression, upliftmodeling, or the like.

The adherence module 506 may analyze the frequency of prescription drugclaims to ascertain information on a member's prescription drug therapyregimen. In some embodiments, the adherence module 506 may analyzemedical insurance claims to predict prescription drug therapy regimensneeded in the future. Claims data analysis performed by the adherencemodule 506 may identify spot medical insurance claims that are a resultof failure to comply with a prescribed drug therapy regimen.

In some embodiments, the adherence module 506 administers one, or morethan one, questions regarding adherence to a prescription drug therapyregimen to the member or caregiver (e.g., via the patient device 102).Answers may be recorded in the database 112 as adherence data 122. Insome embodiments, at least some of the functionality of the adherencemodule 506 may be deployed within a subsystem on the patient device 102.

In some embodiments, the preferences module 508 enables a member orcaregiver to identify or select personal messaging preferences. Forexample, the preferences module 508 may generate a menu of preferencesfrom which a member can select. In some embodiments, the preferencesinclude preferences regarding messaging. Preferences can include arelative message priority, text, language of text, image selection, orthe like. Preferences that are identified or selected with thepreferences module 508 may be referenced by the messaging module 510when generating the message to encourage refilling or renewing aprescription. Member preferences can be stored in the database 112 as atleast part of the member data 114. Caregivers, such as pharmacists ortheir assistants, can update member preferences if, for example, themember mentions during a phone call that the automatic refill option isunwanted. In some embodiments, at least some of the functionality of thepreferences module 508 and/or other modules may be deployed within asubsystem on the patient device 102.

In some embodiments, the preferences module 508 provides selectioncapability to the member for preferences regarding the member's filledprescription (e.g., via the patient device 102). Examples of preferencesinclude: child proof cap or regular caps; personalized or customizedmessages; pertinent educational information; reminder messaging; costsavings opportunities; containers and/or lids of a desired color; imagesfor marking an exterior of the filled prescription; size and font oftext in a label or message with the filled prescription; level ofadherence marked on exterior of the filled prescription; and accessoriessuch as rings on exterior of the filled prescription.

In some embodiments, the preferences module 508 provides the member withauto refill selection and stores the member's preferences as at leastpart of the member data 114. Thus, the member can opt into an autorefill service for automatic prescription refills rather than makingindividual refill requests. The automatic refill also avoids depletionof the prescription drug as the refill prescription can be filled beforethe member is scheduled to take the last dose. The preferences module508 may also provide the member with the capability of declining an autorefill service.

In some embodiments, the preferences module 508 provides the member withauto renewal selection and stores the member's preferences as at leastpart of the member data 114. Thus, the member can opt into an autorenewal service in which the pharmacy contacts the prescriber to renewthe prescription rather than the member requesting a renewal from aprescriber. The automatic renewal avoids depletion of the prescriptiondrug as the renewal prescription can be filled before the member isscheduled to take the last dose. The preferences module 508 alsoprovides the member with the capability of declining an auto renewalservice.

The messaging module 510 generates a message. In some embodiments,messaging module 510 stores numerous types of messages (e.g., in thedatabase 112) and selects from stored messages to generate messages fordelivery to the member.

In some embodiments, the messaging module 510 evaluates messages (or asubset of messages) according to a rules based process. The messagingmodule 510 references these rules for determining the appropriatemessage based on the message predicted by the predictive model module504 and the member's preferences as identified by the preferences module508. For example, the member's preference for an image to be includedwith the filled prescription may have a higher priority than the messagegenerated by the predictive model module 504. A pharmacy preference mayalso be referenced by the preferences module 508 and be given a higherpriority than the message generated by the predictive model module 504.For example, the messaging module 510 may generate a message about anavailable generic drug in place of the message predicted by thepredictive model module 504. In contrast, a message from the predictivemodel module 504 may take precedence over the member's preference. Forexample, if the filled prescription is the last refill available and arenewal prescription is needed, a reminder message may have firstpriority and therefore be generated by the messaging module 510.

The messaging module 510 may store coded messages in a look-up table(e.g., in the database 112), for example. The messaging module 510 maycombine messages by calling for more than one code. The coded messagesmay also have an address parameter associated with it so that themessage may be sent to the right place for application to the filledprescription. In some embodiments, the messages are not necessarilylimited to text. For example, messages may be various colored caps,colored rings on the caps, images, symbols or logos provided on the cap,scores or grades provided on the cap, or the like. When the messagingmodule 510 determines that the message should be a colored cap, forexample, the messaging module 510 sends a signal via the network 104 toa location designated by the address parameter associated with the codedmessage. The location may be a pharmacy (e.g., the pharmacy fulfillmentdevice 110), a cap manufacturer or inventory department, for example.

In some embodiment, the marking module 512 directs the marking subsystem302 to mark on a message on a prescription cap. The message may be themessaged generated by the messaging module 510. In some embodiments, themarking module 512 directs other items to be marked.

An example implementation of the messaging subsystem 202 is as follows.The data access module 502 accesses data from the database 112 or fromother sources such as PBMs, hospitals, or government agencies. The dataaccess module 502 provides the accessed data to the predictive modelmodule 504 that, in some embodiments, represents the member's totalstate for analysis.

The data access module 502 may access the claims data 118 (e.g., medicalinsurance claims that are a result of failure to comply with aprescribed drug therapy regimen), the clinical data 120, the adherencedata 122, and the sampling data 124 associated with the member.

Based on the gathered adherence data 122, the adherence module 506 maycalculate a score representing a level of adherence to the prescribeddrug therapy regimen by the member. In some embodiments, the adherencemodule 506 rates the member's level of adherence with a grade. Forexample, if the member followed the prescription drug therapy regimenperfectly, the adherence module 506 may generate a grade of A. However,if the member missed a few doses, the adherence module 506 may generatea grade of B+. In other embodiments, the adherence module 506 mayprovide the data in other formats as utilized by the messaging subsystem202. The level of adherence as a score or a grade may be included in themessage to the member and is not necessarily solely used as an input.

Using the accessed data, the predictive model module 504 may predict amessage that causes a favorable response. For example, refill messagesmay be selected by the predictive model module 504 based on a member'slow adherence score. An example of a logic process that, in someembodiments, occurs in the predictive model module 504 is shown in Table1.

TABLE 1 1. Is automatic refill Y See Step 2 option selected? N Provideautomatic refill message 2. Is level of adherence Y Provide messageregarding level below a desired threshold? of adherence N See Step 3 3.Is filled prescription Y Provide message regarding a brand name andavailability of generic generic is available? N Provide messageaccording to member's preferences

FIG. 6 illustrates an example marking subsystem 302 that may be deployedin the pharmacy messaging device 108, the pharmacy fulfillment device110, or otherwise deployed in another system. One or more modules arecommunicatively coupled and included in the marking subsystem 302 tomark a message. The modules of the messaging subsystem 202 that may beincluded are a laser module 602 and a control module 604. Other modulesmay also be included.

In some embodiments, the modules of the marking subsystem 302 may bedistributed so that some of the modules are deployed in the pharmacymessaging device 108 and/or the pharmacy device and some modules aredeployed in the pharmacy fulfillment device 110. In one embodiment, themodules are deployed in memory and executed by a processor coupled tothe memory. The functionality contained within the modules 602, 604 maybe combined into a lesser number of modules, further divided among agreater number of modules, or redistributed among existing modules.Other configurations including the functionality of the modules 602, 604may be used.

The laser module 602 and the control module 604 are communicativelycoupled and included in the marking subsystem 302 to enable marking ofprescription containers' caps with graphics, such as text or images. Thelaser module 602, in some embodiments, may be configured to markmultiple caps at the same or substantially the same time. The controlmodule 604 controls and instructs the laser module 602 for marking someor all of the caps. In some embodiments, the caps are on prescriptioncontainers aligned in a specified configuration on a pallet.

In some embodiments, functionality of the control module 604 may beseparated into a laser control submodule 702 and a pallet trafficcontrol submodule 704 as shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example marking subsystem 302 that may be deployedin the pharmacy messaging device 108, the pharmacy fulfillment device110, or otherwise deployed in another system. The embodiment shown inFIG. 8 shows the modules 602, 604 described in FIG. 6 above incommunication with certain hardware components.

As shown, the laser module 602 has an entry tunnel 808, a markingchamber 810 and an exit tunnel 812. The entry tunnel 808 and the exittunnel 812 are disposed adjacent the marking chamber 810 on differentsides of the marking chamber 810. The entry tunnel 808 directs thepallet 806 to the marking chamber 810. The exit tunnel 812 directs thepallet 806 away from the marking chamber 810. First and second entrygate sections 814, 816 are sequentially disposed in the entry tunnel808. First and second exit gate sections 818, 820 are sequentiallydisposed in the exit tunnel 812. First and second entry gate sections814, 816 and first and second exit gate sections 818, 820 block a pathof light from the marking chamber 810.

The pallet 806 passes through a series of stop points as it navigatesthrough the laser module 602 on a transporter 822 (e.g., a conveyor).Specifically, the first entry gate section 814 includes a first entrygate 824 and a first entry gate stop 826. The first entry gate 824 ispivotally disposed so as to open for entry of the pallet 806 or close toblock light and/or contaminants. The first entry gate stop 826 isconfigured and arranged to stop the pallet 806 before passing throughthe first entry gate 824 on the transporter 822. The first entry gatestop 826 may be located at a bottom portion of the first entry gatesection 814 near the transporter 822 to catch the pallet 806 and hold itstationary relative the moving transporter 822. The second entry gatesection 816 includes a second entry gate 828 and a second entry gatestop 830. The second entry gate 828 is pivotally disposed so as to openfor entry of the pallet 806 or close to block light and/or contaminants.The second entry gate stop 830 is configured and arranged to stop thepallet 806 before passing through the second entry gate 828 into themarking chamber 810 on the transporter 822. The second entry gate stop830 may be located at a bottom portion of the second entry gate section816 near the transporter 822 to catch the pallet 806 and hold itstationary relative the moving transporter 822. The first and secondentry gate stops 826, 830 may be configured to allow passage of thepallet 806 when the respective entry gate 824, 828 is open for entry ofthe pallet 806.

The marking chamber 810 may include a laser pre-stop 832, a first laserstop 834, a second laser stop 836, one or multiple laser heads 838 and alaser safety glass panel 840. The laser pre-stop 832 is a stop pointthat may be positioned at the transporter 822 after the second entrygate section 816. The laser pre-stop 832 may stop the pallet 806 so thatit is partially in the marking chamber 810 and partially in the openedsecond entry gate section 816. The first laser stop 834 may be locatedin the marking chamber 810 under the laser head 838 or adjacent amarking area 841 of the laser head 838. The second laser stop 836 may belocated adjacent the first laser stop 834 under the laser head 838 oradjacent the marking area 841 of the laser head 838. The laser safetyglass panel 840 is provided on one, or more than one, sides of themarking chamber 810. The laser safety glass panel 840 may be opaque ortranslucent for viewing into the marking chamber 810. The markingchamber 810 may have one, or more than one, fume extractors (not shown)to remove fumes produced when the laser head 838 marks the caps.

The pallet 806, as shown in FIG. 8 is located at both the first laserstop 834 and second laser stop 836 for illustrative purposes only. Thepallet 806 does not ordinarily reside in both locations at the sametime.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, within the marking chamber 810, multiplelaser heads 838 are positioned above the pallet 806 with a laser reachcapability sufficient to cover a width of the pallet 806 with laserbeams. A single laser head 838 may be used in the event that a singlelaser head 838 has the laser reach capability to reach the entire upperarea of the pallet 806. The pallet 806 and/or the laser head 838 may bemovably disposed in the marking chamber 810 so that the laser head 838is capable of reaching the entire upper area of the pallet 806. Thelaser head 838 directs laser beam travel. In an example embodiment, atleast two laser heads 838 are installed, each laser head 838 covering amarking area 841 of approximately ¼ of the pallet 806 with partialoverlapping of the marking areas 841. In some embodiments, the markingareas 841 do not overlap. The control module 604 chooses the optimallaser head 838 to mark the caps to optimize flow of the pallets 806through the series of stops 834, 836 within the marking chamber 810. Thelaser head 838 is a wide area laser device having a marking area 841 ofapproximately 300 mm×300 mm, for example. In this embodiment, the laserhead 838 is affixed in the marking chamber 810 above the pallet 806having an array of containers. The laser head 838 is positioned suchthat its focal point is approximately focused at the height of thecontainer's cap. This causes the laser head 838 to mark the cap withoptimum clarity and avoid diffusion. Diffusion from the focal pointcauses the mark to become light because there is diversion from thefocus and the beam expands over more surface area. Thus, the power persquare inch is less. The marking area 841 may be vertically adjustedapproximately ±21 mm, for example, if the laser used supports thiscapture. Adjusting the physical vertical position of the laser head 838can be made, when desired, such as when the laser head 838 does notcontain a vertical focal point adjustment. For the laser head 838 withvertical adjustment capability (e.g. 3D marking capability), caps atdifferent heights may be marked. In an example, the heights of the capsmay vary within approximately 42 mm of each other.

FIG. 9 illustrates a tag 902 (e.g. RFID tag) or label attached to thepallet 806 or the prescription container is read by an RF interface 904at the second entry stop 830. FIG. 10 illustrates adapter inserts 1002for the pallet 806. The adapter inserts 1002 has an outer diameter thatallows insertion and positioning into the pallet substantially the sameas the container. The adapter insert 1002 has a smaller inner diameterto hold the smaller containers, such as a 120 cc bottle. The adapterinsert 1002 further includes a raised bottom portion to raise thesmaller container and thereby position the cap at the marking area 841.

The first exit gate section 818 includes a first exit gate 842 pivotallydisposed at the first exit gate section 818 so as to open for exiting ofthe pallet 806 out of the marking chamber 810 or close to block lightand/or contaminants.

The second exit gate section 820 includes a second exit gate 844 and anexit gate stop 846. The second exit gate 844 is pivotally disposed so asto open for exiting of the pallet 806 or close to block light and/orcontaminants. The second exit gate stop 846 is configured and arrangedto stop the pallet 806 before passing through the second exit gate 844on the transporter 822. The second exit gate stop 846 may be located ata bottom portion of the second exit gate section 820 to catch the pallet806 and hold it stationary relative the moving transporter 822.

The stops 826, 830, 832, 834, 836, 846 include proximity sensors 827,831, 833, 835, 837, 847 connected to the control module 604 to detectthe presence of the pallet 806. The proximity sensors 827, 831, 833,835, 837, 847 indicate whether a pallet 806 is present at the stop 826,830, 832, 834, 836, 846. In this way the pallet 806 locations are knownby the control module 604, and pallet 806 traffic can be controlled.

The closed first entry gate 824 blocks potentially harmful light whenthe second entry gate 828 is open or partially open. Conversely, theclosed second entry gate 828 blocks potentially harmful light when thefirst entry gate 824 is open or partially open.

The closed first exit gate 842 blocks potentially harmful light when thesecond exit gate 844 is open or partially open. Conversely, the closedsecond exit gate 844 blocks potentially harmful light when the firstexit gate 842 is open or partially open.

Thus, marking may occur in the marking chamber 810 without waiting forthe second entry gate 828 and the first exit gate 842 to close. In otherwords, marking may occur at any time the pallet 806 is present in themarking chamber 810 regardless of the position of the immediatelyadjacent second entry gate 828 and first exit gate 842. One entry gate824, 828 and one exit gate 842, 844 are closed when the pallet 806 is inthe marking chamber 810. The entry gate 824, 828 and the exit gate 842,844 that is not closed may be controlled to be open or partially open.

In operation, the laser module 602 utilizes the first and second entrygate sections 814, 816 of the entry tunnel 808 and the first and secondexit gate sections 818, 820 of the exit tunnel 812 to increasethroughput of the pallets 806 through the marking chamber 810 and thusdecrease pallet cycle time. This is accomplished through timing ofopening and closing of the gates 824, 828, 842, 844. Timing andduplicate gates 824, 844 remove open/close time of gates 828, 842 fromthe cycle time of the pallets 806.

For a pallet 806 having containers for marking, the transporter 822moves the pallet 806 to the entry tunnel 808. The pallet 806 may come torest at the first entry gate stop 826 if, for example, marking of othercaps is not complete. The transporter 822 may move the pallet 806through the opened first entry gate section 814. The pallet 806 may cometo rest at the second entry gate stop 830 adjacent the second entry gate828. The first entry gate 824 is then closed and scanning or imaging ofthe pallet 806 and/or its containers may occur. As soon as the firstentry gate 824 is fully closed, the second entry gate 828 is permittedto open since the first entry gate 824 protects against stray laserlight exiting out of the marking chamber 810. When the proceeding pallet806 clears the laser pre-stop 832, the pallet 806 is permitted toadvance to the laser pre-stop 832, positioning the pallet 806 closer tothe preceding pallet 806 in the process and reducing the travel time forthe pallet 806 transitioning. When the preceding pallet 806 is finishedin the marking chamber 810, it is permitted to advance past the openfirst exit gate 842, provided that the first exit gate 842 is open. Whenthe marking chamber 810 has been evacuated, the pallet 806 may move intothe first or second marking position, where it will come to rest at thefirst laser stop 834 or the second laser stop 836. When the pallet 806is no longer in the way of the second entry gate 828, the second entrygate 828 may close. After this event, the first entry gate 824 will onceagain open to receive a new pallet 806 and an entry tunnel sequence ofopening and closing gates 824, 828 can begin again.

The pallet 806 comes to rest at the first laser stop 834 to wait forlaser marking by one of the laser heads 838 to be completed. At thefirst laser stop 834, the laser head 838 may mark any caps needing to bemarked within the marking area 841. The laser heads 838 work together toshare workload. Each laser head 838 includes a marking area 841 or gridupon which it can reach with a laser beam. If two or more marking areas841 overlap each other, the control module 604 or laser software iscapable of delegating workload to the laser heads 838. If one laser head838 has more caps to mark in an unshared or non-overlapping portion ofits marking area 841, the other laser head 838 may be capable of eveningthe workload by performing the task of marking the caps in theoverlapping portion of the marking area 841.

Examples of other laser head 838 configurations for marking are shown inFIGS. 11-14. More or less than two laser heads 838 may be provided toexpand or adjust the marking area 841, increase capacity and/oraccelerate marking of caps. The additional configurations of FIGS. 11-14can also be used for larger pallets 806 or pallets 806 with differingdensities of containers (i.e. containers are spaced closer together orfarther apart).

Additionally, the pallet 806 may be configured to include a single laserhead 838. A pallet configuration could be narrow enough such that thewidth of the pallet 806 does not extend beyond the marking range, or,the pallet or laser is able to index, accommodate larger width pallets806. In some embodiments, inclusion of a single laser head 838 could beutilized for lower volume operations where higher speed is not required.

In some embodiments, when using more or less than 2 laser heads 838, theconfiguration of bottles may not be palletized. For example, an indexingor continuous single bottle line may be used, or, for another example,the marking occurs before the cap is placed on the bottle.

Upon completion of marking at the first laser stop 834, the pallet 806at the first laser stop 834 may be released by causing the first laserstop 834 to unblock the pallet 806 on the transporter 822. The pallet806 may then move toward the second laser stop 836 and come to a stop atthe second laser stop 836. Any remaining caps requiring marking will bemarked by the laser head 838 when the pallet 806 is at the second laserstop 836. The pallet 806 will then be released from the second laserstop 836, provided that the first exit gate 842 is not block pallettraffic.

The pallet 806 enters the exit tunnel 812 through the first exit gate842 and, upon clearing the first exit gate 842, comes to rest at theexit gate stop 846. The first exit gate 842 then closes. Uponconfirmation that the first exit gate 842 is closed, the second exitgate 844 is permitted to open. Scanning or imaging of the pallet 806 andits containers may occur once the pallet 806 has come to rest at thesecond exit gate 846. At this time, analysis of the markings orverification that the markings are successful may be written to thepallet tag 902, such as an RFID tag, with the RF interface 904 toindicate that all caps have their correct markings. The pallet 806 maynot be released from the exit gate stop 846 until verification iscomplete and the second exit gate 844 is fully open.

The gates 812-818 may have proximity sensors that indicate when thegates 812-818 are closed or open. The gates 812-818 and stops arepneumatically controlled in this embodiment; although it is possible tocontrol them in other ways. The above sequence can be controlled througha user interface, such as a PC, tablet, laptop, PLC, etc., of thecontrol module 604.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a display 1500 from the user interface. Theuser interface may manually control the gates 812-818 or stops 826, 830,832, 834, 836, 846. The display 1500 may show the status of the gates812-818 (e.g. open or closed) and the location of the pallet 806.

Once the pallet data has been read by the RF interface 904, it is sentto and received by the control module 604. The control module 604obtains identification parameters of the prescription containers andtheir location. A database look up occurs (e.g. communication with themessage generator device 124) to match the prescription container's IDparameters to an order and to specific order information, e.g., 0 fillsremaining on the prescription matches “no refills” message. This informsthe laser module 602 of the graphic subsystem 706 to mark and, since thelocation of each bottle is known; in which location to mark thegraphics. From the prescription container ID parameter, the messagegenerated by the message generator device 124 can be matched with itsprescription container to mark the message on the container's cap.

The control module 604 controls and instructs the laser module 602 as towhat to mark and determines which laser head 838 marks which cap and atwhich laser stop 834, 836 in the marking chamber 810. In someembodiments, the control module 604 communicates directly with the laserhead 838 to instruct marking of the cap and govern timing of suchmarking. The control module 604 receives feedback from the laser head838 upon execution of the marking. Communication with the laser module602 allows the control module 604 to track the location of the pallet806. That is, the laser module 602 communicates to the control module604 so that the control module 604 can release the pallet 806 to thenext stop 836, 846 when marking is complete. The control module 604 mayinclude laser programs for marking the cap or laser programs may bestored in local memory on the laser head 838. A laser program mayinclude a set of instructions for the laser head 838 to perform and maybe stored in form of software. The laser programs stored on the laserhead 838 may be configured in a way such that a laser program on thelaser head 838 is indicative of a physical location in which thegraphics appear in the marking area 841 indicative of a physicallocation of the particular cap. In this way, a separate laser programmay exist for each cap location. A different laser program to write aspecific unique message to each cap may be executed to mark only therequired caps with the correct message.

For this embodiment, when one laser program is created the laser programis copied to the laser head 838 multiple times. One laser program isconfigured and uploaded to the laser head 838. Then text within thelaser program center is centered at (0,0) on a coordinate system. Whenthe laser head 838 is hovering over the marking area 841 on the surfaceof the cap, it has the ability to mark up to nine caps, for example,before it has to index or actually move the pallet 806. Once this laserprogram is uploaded to the laser head 838, it can be uploaded intosoftware which can replicate and rearrange the center of the text withineach laser program, while creating nine separate distinct laser programsper laser head 838 per laser stop 834, 836; the laser programs are savedback to the laser head 838. Accordingly, a laser program is now storedwith the laser head 838 in the correct positions to mark each of thenine caps individually if a laser program is called correctly. Thisgives the ability to call an individual laser program to writeinformation to a singular cap, without the need to modify the contentsof the laser program on the fly. In some embodiments, because a singlelaser head's marking area 841 is large enough to mark up to ninecontainer caps, for example, without movement, a singular program may bereferenced to multiple cap locations. The laser program is modified andresaved automatically before each stop is written to. This laser programis configured to automatically adjust or remove the messaging in eachcap location within the laser program. In some embodiments, the laserhead 838 may have software that replicates laser programs and storesthem when creating a new message for marking. In this way only oneprogram is created from scratch and it can then be distributed to eachlaser head 838 through the software which replicates the program. Thetext to the center location of the cap moves based on program number,and saves it to the laser head 838 in this new location.

FIG. 16 is a screen shot of a display 1600 from the user interface ofthe control module 604. FIG. 16 illustrates control of the laser heads838 during marking at the stops in the marking chamber 810 as the pallet806 moves to the left. The screen shot displays the pallet 806 with theprescription containers in ordered columns and rows. It denotes caps tobe marked as lightly shaded with text, caps where the mark is completeas darkly shaded with text and caps which will not be marked as darklyshaded. Additionally, when there is no cap present to be marked in aposition, it may be marked white. The display 1600 may updateautomatically as caps are successfully marked

The laser head 838 may include a fiber laser marker, such as that fromKeyence America of Itasca, Ill. Generally, the laser head 838 mayinclude a laser controller which generates laser power and houses thesoftware and a fiber cable for laser strength buildup. The laser head838 directs beam travel onto the cap and may turn the laser on and offin short pulses. Different types of lasers, such as a YAG laser may beimplemented. The laser head 838 may produce a laser beam that is withinthe range of 1 to 100 Watts, for example. The power in the proper rangeprovides a mark on the cap and does not melt the cap. The ideal powerwill also dictate speed because if the power is too low, more time isneeded for the laser to mark the cap. Thus, power can be used tooptimize speed and the visual effect of the marking on the cap.

The cap can be comprised of material such as polypropylene and one, ormore than one, additives such as that from PolyOne Corporation of AvonLake, Ohio or Ampacet Corporation of Tarrytown, N.Y. The additive causesthe surface of the cap where the laser beam made contact to turn a coloris distinguished from the rest of the cap. For example, additives may beused that will cause the surface to turn black when contacted with thelaser beam of the laser head 838. Other additives can be used that makechromatic marks, such as red or blue.

In some embodiments, the cap is composed of material such aspolypropylene with no additive. A colorant, such as a black colorant, isapplied to the cap resin to cause the polypropylene to appear black. Theblack colorant includes properties that react with the laser beam. Forexample, the laser mark on the black cap may appear light gold or white.

FIG. 17 shows a method 1700 for pharmacy messaging, according to anexample embodiment. The method 1700 may be performed partially by thepatient device 102, the benefit manager device 106, the pharmacymessaging device 108, the pharmacy fulfillment device 110, partially byone, or more than one, of the foregoing devices 102, 106, 108, 110, ormay be otherwise performed.

At block 1702, data representing a state of the member is accessed. Theaccessed data may include member data 114, client data 116, claims data118, clinical data 120, adherence data 122 and/or sampling data 124 fromthe database 112. The data may be otherwise accessed.

At block 1704, a message for the member is determined. The message maybe intended to or be likely to encourage prescription drug therapyadherence by the member. In some embodiments, the operations performedat block 1704 include a predictive model determine a message from amonga list or table of messages.

At block 1706, the determined message is evaluated with the memberand/or client preference to select a message for generation. Theevaluation may be governed by a set of priority rules that determinewhether the member preference and/or client preference or the determinedmessage should be selected. The member preference may include apreference for a personally requested message or no message.

At block 1708, the selected message is generated. Examples of generatingthe message may include transmitting the selected message in a textmessage or transmitting the data to mark on the cap of the container.The desired message is then marked on a cap at block 1710.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a machine in the example form of acomputer system 1800 within which a set of instructions may be executedcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methods,processes, operations, or methodologies discussed herein. The patientdevice 102, the benefit manager device 106, the pharmacy messagingdevice 108, and/or the pharmacy fulfillment device 110 may include thefunctionality of the one or more computer systems 1800.

In an example embodiment, the machine operates as a standalone device ormay be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networkeddeployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or aclient machine in server-client network environment, or as a peermachine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. Themachine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer(PC), a tablet PC, a gaming device, a set-top box (STB), a PersonalDigital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, anetwork router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing aset of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to betaken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include anycollection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (ormultiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1800 includes a processor 1812 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU) a graphics processing unit (GPU) or both),a main memory 1804 and a static memory 1806, which communicate with eachother via a bus 1808. The computer system 1800 further includes a videodisplay unit 1810 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode raytube (CRT)). The computer system 1800 also includes an alphanumericinput device 1812 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 1814(e.g., a mouse), a drive unit 1816, a signal generation device 1818(e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device 1820.

The drive unit 1816 includes a computer-readable medium 1822 on which isstored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 1824) embodyingany one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Thesoftware 1824 may also reside, completely or at least partially, withinthe main memory 1804 and/or within the processor 1812 during executionthereof by the computer system 1800, the main memory 1804 and theprocessor 1812 also constituting computer-readable media.

The software 1824 may further be transmitted or received over a network1826 via the network interface device 1820.

While the computer-readable medium 1822 is shown in an exampleembodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium”should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches andservers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any mediumthat is capable of storing or encoding a set of instructions forexecution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any oneor more of the methodologies of the present invention. The term“computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, butnot be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical media, and magneticmedia. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium is anon-transitory computer-readable medium.

The term “based on” or using, as used herein, reflects an open-endedterm that can reflect others elements beyond those explicitly recited.

Certain systems, apparatus, applications or processes are describedherein as including a number of modules. A module may be a unit ofdistinct functionality that may be presented in software, hardware, orcombinations thereof. When the functionality of a module is performed inany part through software, the module includes a computer-readablemedium. The modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled.

The inventive subject matter may be represented in a variety ofdifferent embodiments of which there are many possible permutations.

In an example embodiment, a system includes a laser module and a controlmodule. The laser module includes a marking chamber with a plurality oflaser heads therein. A first entry gate and a second entry gate areadjacent the marking chamber. The first entry gate is configured to openwhen the second entry gate is closed. A first exit gate and a secondexit gate are adjacent the marking chamber at a side different from thefirst entry gate and the second entry gate. The first exit gate isconfigured to open when the second exit gate is closed. A transportermoves the objects being marked into and out of the marking chamberthrough the first entry gate, the second entry gate, the first exitgate, and the second exit gate. The control module is communicativelycoupled to the laser module and adapted to control the laser module.

In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term“comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to beopen ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features,elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not excludethe presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups,integers and/or steps. The foregoing also applies to words havingsimilar meanings such as the terms, “including”, “having” and theirderivatives. Also, the terms “part,” “section,” “portion,” “member” or“element” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of asingle part or a plurality of parts. As used herein, “a” or “an” mayreflect a single part or multiple parts. Finally, terms of degree suchas “substantially”, “about” and “approximately” as used herein mean areasonable amount of deviation of the modified term such that the endresult is not significantly changed. For example, these terms can beconstrued as including a deviation of at least ±5% of the modified termif this deviation would not negate the meaning of the word it modifies.Thus, systems and methods for pharmacy messaging have been described.Although embodiments of the present invention have been described withreference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident thatvarious modifications and changes may be made to these embodimentswithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the embodimentsof the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to beregarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The methods described herein do not have to be executed in the orderdescribed, or in any particular order. Moreover, various activitiesdescribed with respect to the methods identified herein can be executedin serial or parallel fashion. Although “End” blocks are shown in theflowcharts, the methods may be performed continuously.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R.§1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quicklyascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted withthe understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit thescope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing DetailedDescription, it can be seen that various features are grouped togetherin a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure.This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting anintention that the claimed embodiments require more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claimsreflect, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of asingle disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are herebyincorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing onits own as a separate embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a laser module including amarking chamber with a plurality of laser heads therein, a first entrygate and a second entry gate adjacent the marking chamber, the firstentry gate being configured to open when the second entry gate isclosed, a first exit gate and a second exit gate adjacent the markingchamber at a side different from the first entry gate and the secondentry gate, the first exit gate being configured to open when the secondexit gate is closed, and a transporter to move objects being marked intoand out of the marking chamber through the first entry gate, the secondentry gate, the first exit gate, and the second exit gate; and a controlmodule communicatively coupled to the laser module and adapted tocontrol the laser module.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:a pallet, disposed on the transporter, having a container with a capthereon; and for each laser head, a marking area above a conveyor of thetransporter at a height substantially the same as a height of the cap.3. The system of claim 2, wherein the marking area includes an area thata laser beam from the laser head reaches without significant diffusionso as to impede marking the cap with the laser beam.
 4. The system ofclaim 2, wherein two or more marking areas of the laser heads do notoverlap.
 5. The system of claim 2, wherein two or more marking areas ofthe laser heads overlap.
 6. The system of claim 2, wherein a pluralityof containers with caps are in the pallet and located in the markingarea.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control module is adapted toselectively mark more than one and less than all of the caps of thecontainers.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module isconfigured to selectively mark one or more caps with a member-specificmessage that is likely to encourage member action.
 9. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising: a messaging subsystem to send a message tothe control module, wherein a laser head of the plurality of laser headsmarks a cap of a prescription drug container with the message while thecap of the prescription drug container is located with the markingchamber.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the messaging subsystem isconfigured to select the message for marking from a plurality ofavailable messages.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the selection isperformed by a predictive model.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein theselection is performed in accordance with a member preference of amember, the member to receive the prescription drug contained in thecontainer that includes the marked cap.
 13. The system of claim 10,wherein the first entry gate, the second entry gate, the first exit gateand the second exit gate are linearly aligned and the transporterlinearly moves objects through the linearly-aligned, first and secondentry gates and the first and second exit gates.
 14. The system of claim9, wherein the control module is to control the laser module by:selecting a refill message when automatic refill is selected, ifautomatic refill is not selected and patient adherence is below athreshold, selecting an adherence message, and if adherence is not belowthe threshold, selecting message based on user preferences.
 15. A systemcomprising a laser module including a marking chamber with a pluralityof laser heads therein, a first entry gate and a second entry gateadjacent the marking chamber, the first entry gate being configured toopen when the second entry gate is closed, a first exit gate and asecond exit gate adjacent the marking chamber at a side different fromthe first entry gate and the second entry gate, the first exit gatebeing configured to open when the second exit gate is closed, and aconveyor to move the objects being marked into and out of the markingchamber through the first entry gate, the second entry gate, the firstexit gate, and the second exit gate; and a control modulecommunicatively coupled to the laser module and adapted to control thelaser module, a pallet, disposed on the transporter, having a containerwith a cap thereon; and for each laser head, a marking area above theconveyor at a height substantially the same as a height of the cap,wherein a plurality of containers with caps are in the pallet andlocated in the marking area, wherein the control module is configured tomark one or more caps with a no refill message.
 16. A method comprising:moving, using a transporter, an object with a cap to a stop at a firstentry gate to a marking chamber, preventing the first entry gate and asecond entry gate from being simultaneously open to the marking chamber,opening the first entry gate only when a second entry gate is closed,moving the object to a stop at a second entry gate, closing the firstentry gate and opening the second entry gate, then moving the objectinto the marking chamber, marking the cap of the object with a laser,then opening a first exit gate with a second exit being closed,preventing the first exit gate and a second exit gate from beingsimultaneously open to the marking chamber, moving the marked objectthrough the first exit gate to a stop at the second entry gate, closingthe first entry gate and opening the second exit gate, and moving theobject with marked cap through the second exit gate.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein marking the cap of the object includes marking apharmaceutical cap that includes: selecting a refill message whenautomatic refill is selected, if automatic refill is not selected andpatient adherence is below a threshold, selecting an adherence message,and if patient adherence is not below the threshold, selecting messagebased on user preferences.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein markingincludes laser marking a pharmaceutical cap with a message while thepharmaceutical cap is located with the marking chamber and the objectcontains a pharmaceutical.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein lasermarking includes marking one or more caps with a no refill message.